Translations, my hat has three holes

1992 – 1999

My hat has three holes | Miriam Fabijan

My hat has three holes

Moj klobuk ima tri luknje
colour photographs, handcrafted frames (installation view, Galerija Equrna, Ljubljana, Slovenia)
1992

In Translations, My Hat Has Three Holes (1992) Fabijan juxtaposes photographs of herself, her paternal grandfather from Slovenia and her father with the text of a popular Slovenian children's rhyme, which Fabijan had learned as a child … Slovenian words pervade the Translations installation intermixed with photographic combinations … While focused on the photograph, Fabijan uses all the different modalities of visual language, drawings, pictograms, images, sign languages and her mother's handwriting, as well as the pure emotion conveyed by the tone of the Slovenian woman's s voice, to translate and infuse the beliefs and sensations of one culture into her own subjectivity and to share that sense of belonging with the viewer. Loren Lerner (1999)

Moj klobuk ima tri luknje, 
tri luknje ima moj klobuk.   
Če ne bi imel treh lukenj,   
ne bil bi moj klobuk.          

My hat has three holes,
Three holes has my hat.
If my hat did not have three holes,
Then it would not be my hat.

The Translations rhyme, "My hat has three holes/Three holes has my hat/If it would not have three holes/Then it would not be my hat," Fabijan explains, is a rhyme about identity in that the subject identifies one's hat by what one's hat has or has not. Father and grandfather are imaginary performers acting out parts of the rhyme as a trapeze artist, a magician pulling a rabbit out of a hat and an animal trainer taming a wild beast. Fabijan tells the story as a child's disconnected fantasy that is also very real, as she stands on a swing nearby, this way also joining in the action. The tale stages the paradox of the postmodern narrative, straddling the border between the imaginary and the realistic, between a unified structured plot and a "decentered narration, with its wandering point of view and extensive digressions" (Hutcheon, 1988:61) The setting and temporal regression captures allegorically the fluid, unstable and impossible notions of balance, transformation, and mastery that cultural becoming and belonging suggest as a kind of magic or wizardry. Playing out the limerick in this carnival-like performance also elicits a metaphor for communication across generations and its subjective regeneration in new and curious ways. As such, her approach is reminiscent of Diana der Hovanessian's poem "Learning an Ancestral Tongue": "Transference/My ancestors talk/to me in dangling myths. /Each word a riddle/each dream/heirless. On sunny days/I bury words./They put out roots/and coil around/forgotten syntax./Next spring a full/blown anecdote will sprout" (quoted in Fischer, 1986:204).  Loren Lerner (1999)

imeti 1 framed | Miriam Fabijan
imeti 2 framed | Miriam Fabijan

imeti —  ne imeti

to have — to have not

black and white photographs, handcrafted framed
1992

imeti – ne imite | Miriam Fabijan
Spomin | Miriam Fabijan

Spomin

Remember

black and white photographs, hand-crafted frame
1992

Three holes has my hat

Tri luknje ima moj klobuk.

black and white photographs, handcrafted frames (installation view, Galerija Equrna, Ljubljana, Slovenia)
1992

Miriam Fabijan explores a subject-centred definition based on the hermeneutics of language, using signs and signifiers, in attempts to reconnect with the Slovenian homeland her parents left, having immigrated to Canada as refugees in 1949 where she was born in Calgary, Alberta in 1960. Miriam Fabijan's visits to Slovenia in 1966, 1976 and again in 1992 marked the beginning of her investigations into her Slovenian heritage to consider what Salman Rushdie (1991) has referred to as the triple displacement of migration - loss of roots, loss of language and loss of cultural codes - three of the most meaningful components of the definition of what it is to be a human being. Her art takes the form of multimedia installations … (with) an interest in family photographs, using different ways of integrating the photograph as memory and conduits of partial incomplete narratives. Loren Lerner (1999)

Druzina Fabijan | Miriam Fabijan

Družina Fabijan, Slovenija, 1950

Fabijan family | Miriam Fabijan

Fabijan Family, Canada, 1968

hiša ( ne domov) | Miriam Fabijan

hiša, doma

house, home

black and white photograph on stand, hand-crafted frame, stencilled lettering
1993

hiša, doma, (house, home) is a photograph, framed in a decorative oak frame, of Fabijan's mother's now abandoned ancestral home taken by Fabijan during a trip to Slovenia in 1992. Loren Lerner (1999)

The framed photo is placed on a stand to represent a type of directional or informational signage. The photograph only shows a second story window and no entrance door, as if upon arrival entry is not possible. Miriam Fabijan (1993)

Tvoj delo je tvoy spomin | Miriam Fabijan

 tvoj delo je tvoj spomin

“your work is your memory”

embroidery on linen, hand-crafted frame, stencilled lettering
title: quote by Jože Plečnik (prominent Slovenian architect)

(Collection: Canada Council Art Bank)
1993

Ata

pen on tissue paper

portrait translated into two parts with variations
1992

Ena pticka mi poje, pa sem ne vem kje | Miriam Fabijan

Ena pticka mi poje, pa sem ne vem kje.

"A little bird sings to me, but I do not know from where”

handcrafted wooden suitcase, cassette recording, stencilled lettering, acrylic paint on canvas

title: quote by Jože Plečnik (prominent Slovenian architect)
1993

A voice, breaking to the point of crying, emanates from inside the suitcase. The emotion expressed is what is most evident. Unless you understand Slovene, the content and context of what she is saying and why she is recording this message is only alluded to. For me, I know why she cries, but I do not understand all the words she is saying. It is a message sent to my family from my mom’s sister. She did not leave Slovenia like my mother did during the mass exodus from Slovenia at the end of WW2 in 1945. She was still very young, so she stayed with my grandmother, who did not want to leave. Miriam Fabijan

Ena pticka mi poje, pa sam ne vem kje (A little bird sings to me, but I do not know from where) (1993), incorporates a sound installation placed in an oak suitcase … The phrase refers to Slovenia as reminiscent of a bird, in a passage that appears on a wall of a monastery designed by the Slovenian architect Jose Plecnik. Attached is the outline of the map of Slovenia. Fabijan explains that the map of Slovenia is reminiscent of a bird, a theme which is referred to in the text from the monastery. Fabijan ventures to retrieve this picture-and-word attachment, the Slovenian multi-layered concept of bird, for example, to reunite language and image to reconstruct a world, to take it in, love it, and make it her own. But as an exile in reverse, revisiting a Slovenia she first knew through her parents and grandparents, the inability to speak the native language denies her ready access to that living world.  
Included is the voice of a woman speaking in Slovene and not translated, reflecting Fabijan's own struggle with her partial comprehension of the Slovenian language in attempting to reconnect to her roots. "Slovene, my first language which I no longer use nor remember, except in fragments," Fabijan says, "was lost to me as my family adapted to a new environment and adopted a new culture" (Fabijan, 1992). Loren Lerner (1999)

Mama Ima Hušk0. I have a pear | Miriam Fabijan

black and white photos, sculpted black and white photograph
1993

This piece centres around a photograph of my mother and me in which we are wearing dresses made from the same fabric but in different styles, related but not the same. There is much we share, but we do not share a mother tongue. The phrase MAMA IMA HRUŠKO came from a Slovenian children’s schoolbook I had as a child. From it I learned a few Slovenian words and phrases, but I did not otherwise retain the language of my very early youth, my mother’s mother tongue. Miriam Fabijan

Translations Poster Project, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1992 | Miriam Fabijan

Translations Poster Project, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1992

Incorporated in this project was the dissemination of one hundred posters all over Ljubljana, which did not only convey the place and the time of the exhibit, but through the juxtaposition of individual components of the project also stimulated the viewer to reconstruct the message being conveyed in fragments. Brane Kovič (1992)

Stari, Stara | Miriam Fabijan

Stari, Stara

embroideries on linen using traditional Slovenian stitching techniques and patterns, handcrafted frames
1997

Stari, Stara are partial portraits of my paternal grandparents traced from photographs I have of them and then recreated as embroideries using traditional Slovenian stitching patterns. Embroidering these pieces became a way for me to intimately connect with my grandparents. My grandfather always wore a hat, and my grandmother always wore a scarf, as did many of their generation and preceding generations. These items became their signifiers of who they were, what identified them individually, and as part of a society and culture. “Stari” and “Stara” are the prefixes used in the Slovenian language to denote age and status. They are used to describe a respected senior member of a family, as in “Stari Ata” and “Stara Mama,” meaning Grandfather and Grandmother. Miriam Fabijan (1997)

Stari, Stara — by touch — | Miriam Fabijan

Stari, Stara
— by touch —

dual slide installation, gesso applied by hand onto black canvas, stretched and framed, (installation and details)
1997

Miriam, Mirijam | Translations revisited/re-envisioned

Miriam, Mirijam

“Translations” revisited/re-envisioned
1997–1999

Miriam Mirijam hand writing | Miriam Fabijan

Miriam, Mirijam

stencilled lettering on glass, handcrafted frames

My first name, dual spellings, dual scripts (mine and my mother’s respectively).
1992

Miriam, Mirijam— my signifiers | Miriam FAbijan

Miriam, Mirijam
— my signifiers —

linen dress, embroidered white socks on linen (details)
1997–1999

Looking Back, Looking forward | Miriam Fabijan

Looking Back, Looking Forward

black and white photograph

Taken in 1992 from inside of my mother’s ancestral home, Brezovica, Slovenia.
No one lives there anymore, but it still stands.

1999

All frames in this series were handcrafted and created by Slovenian artisans.

These works and subsequent exhibitions were undertaken with the generous support of the Canada Council, La Ministère de la Culture du Québec, and Slovenska Izseljenska Matica.

SOLO EXHIBITIONS

1992–94
Translations; My Hat Has Three Holes.
Galerija Equrna, Ljubljana, Slovenija
Beneska Galerija, Speter/San Pietro Al Natisone, Italy
Galerie Oboro, Montréal, Canada
Toronto Photographers Workshop, Toronto, Canada

GROUP EXHIBITIONS

2019
4 Deep: Fabijan, Liptak, Siska, Šoltýsová. (featuring “Miriam – Mirijam”)
cSPACE King Edward, Calgary, Canada (aspects of “Translations” reinterpreted)

1997
Home Coming Exhibition. (featuring “Stari, Stara”)
Nickle Arts Museum, Calgary, Canada

CATALOGUE

1992
Translations, Miriam Fabijan. Miriam Fabijan, artist and author; Brane Kovic, author. Galerija Equrna, Ljubljana, Slovenija 

PUBLICATION

1999
Lerner, Loren. Looking Back, Looking Forward: Canadian Women Artists with Eastern European Connections and Postmodern Remembering; Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada, XXXI, No. 3, 1999.

Publication References:

Fisher, J. (1997). Relational sense, towards a haptic aesthetics. Parachute, 87, 4–11.
Hutcheon, L. (1988). A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. New York: Routledge. 
Rushdie, S. (1991). Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism, 1981–1991. London: Granta Books. 

PRESENTATION

1993    Panelist. IMAGINARY HOMELANDS: Issues of Cultural Identity. (moderator: Cyndra MacDowall, Panel: Miriam Fabijan, Yassaman Ameri, Lani Maestro) Toronto Photographers Workshop, Toronto, Canada

REVIEWS AND ARTICLES

1994
“Acts of Translation.” Parallelogramme 19, no.4 (1994): 78. 

1993
Bernatchez, Raymond. “’Translations’ de la mémoire originelle et du langage visuel créateur.” La Press, Montreal, 15 mai, 1993.

1993
Hakim, Mona. “Interroger les fantome du passé.” Le Devoir, Montreal, les samedi 22 et dimanche 23 mai, 1993.

1992
Babic, Dajana. “Spetru In Njegovih Umegovih Umetikih.” Rodna Gruda, Slovenija, December 1992.

1992
Cimerman, Ivan. “‘Stari Kraj’ prednikov in likovni motivi iz cilkla ‘Translations.’” Slovenec, Ljubljana, 22 avgust, 1992.

1992
Cimerman, Ivan. “‘Prevaljanaja’ Miriam Fabijan.” Rodna Gruda, Slovenija, oktober, 1992.
1992
Golubov, Suzana. “Proslovan pod javorovim listrom.” Delo, Ljubljana, 21 avgust, 1992.

1988
R.P. “Beneska galerija s polno paro.”Novi Matajur, Cedad (Cividale), Italy, 17 September 1992

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